Komatsu tests hydrogen-powered excavator on live jobsite
On-site trial in Japan shows diesel-matching performance with zero emissions potentialKomatsu Ltd. has taken a significant step toward zero-emissions construction, completing Japan’s first on-site trial of a hydrogen fuel cell-powered hydraulic excavator.
The proof-of-concept (PoC) test, conducted in December 2025, saw the concept machine deployed at a live construction site on the Joshin-Etsu Expressway project, in collaboration with Obayashi Corporation and Iwatani Corporation.
The trial aimed to validate whether hydrogen-powered machinery could operate effectively in real-world conditions, while also assessing refuelling logistics and site suitability.
Diesel-like performance, without emissions
According to Komatsu, the fuel cell excavator delivered digging performance and operability comparable to conventional diesel-powered machines, while producing zero exhaust emissions.
It also brought added on-site benefits, including reduced noise and vibration, which in turn improved operator comfort and situational awareness.
The push toward alternative powertrains is being driven by the fact that roughly 70 per cent of CO2 emissions on construction sites currently come from diesel fuel use.
Why hydrogen?
While battery-electric machines are already gaining traction, Komatsu sees hydrogen as a strong alternative for larger equipment.
The company points to hydrogen’s higher energy density and output compared to batteries, making it better suited to medium-sized excavators and more demanding applications where uptime and power are critical.
Challenges remain
Despite the promising results, the trial also highlighted key hurdles before commercial rollout.
Komatsu flagged the need for:
- Greater onboard hydrogen storage capacity
- Faster refuelling times
- Clearer frameworks around safe refuelling and site suitability
The test also underscored the complexity of integrating hydrogen infrastructure into evolving construction sites, particularly under existing regulations.
Next steps
The three companies will now use the findings to refine the technology and accelerate development toward commercial-ready machines.
This includes exploring mobile hydrogen refuelling solutions and establishing operational standards for safe deployment across different jobsite conditions.
Komatsu says it will continue R&D with the goal of bringing hydrogen fuel cell-equipped construction equipment — particularly in the medium- and large-size classes — to market in the near future.
Related: Komatsu debuts mid-size hydrogen excavator
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